| Alhaidari 2018 |
New Zealand |
Retrospective review of medical records |
Tertiary teaching hospital (general medicine) |
N/A |
To assess and potentially improve a hospital-wide delirium program. |
Latest 100 general medicine patients discharged prior to 14 September 2014 with a minimal LOS of three days. |
| Bellelli 2015 |
Italy |
Prospective cohort multicentre study |
Acute hospitals (medical wards) |
79.1 (7.3) |
To describe the prevalence and impact on in-hospital mortality of delirium identified through ICD-9 codes. |
Adults aged ≥65 years who underwent SBT assessment within 72 hours of admission. |
| Bui 2017 |
United States |
Retrospective cohort study |
Tertiary academic medical centre (surgical ICU) |
61.0 (16.0) |
To compare the proportions of surgical ICU patients with delirium detected using CAM-ICU who received administrative delirium documentation. |
Adults aged ≥18 years admitted to surgical ICU from 1 June 2012 to 31 May 2013. |
| Campbell 2014 |
United States |
Secondary data analysis from an RCT |
Public hospital (general medical ward) |
Overall: N/A
African American: 78.6 (8.3)
Non-African American: 75.3 (7.4) |
To evaluate the influence of race in the screening and documentation of delirium. |
Adults aged ≥65 years admitted to a general medical ward of Eskenazi Hospital who spoke English. |
| Casey 2019 |
Australia |
Cross-sectional point prevalence survey |
Australian metropolitan public health service consisting of 5 hospitals |
73.0 (16.4) |
To determine the extent to which ICD codes represent delirium occurrence. |
Adults aged ≥18 years admitted as overnight stay on medical, surgical, specialist medicine, rehabilitation, or palliative care wards. |
| Chuen 2021 |
Canada |
Retrospective chart review |
Academic tertiary acute care Hospital (medical and surgical) |
79.6 (8.4) |
To determine the frequency and quality of delirium documentation in DS. |
Adults aged ≥65 years admitted to any one of 3 academic tertiary acute care hospitals by a medical or surgical service between 1 April and 30 June 2016. |
| Detweiler 2014 |
United States |
Retrospective review of medical records |
Veterans medical centre (ED, medicine, surgery, psychiatry and consult liaison) |
70.0 (12.9) |
To assess the prevalence of missed delirium in acute care veterans coded as not having a diagnosis of delirium. |
Inpatient cases of veterans that had not been coded at admission and/or discharge as having delirium |
| Glick 1996 |
United States |
Retrospective chart review |
General hospital (N/A) |
63.8 (N/A) |
To determine whether diagnosis and treatment of delirium in IABP- treated patients correlates with delirium recording at discharge. |
IABP placement at the Massachusetts General Hospital in 1988. |
| Heriot 2017 |
Australia |
Retrospective study |
Large metropolitan private hospital (CICM) |
N/A |
To compare incidences of delirium in elderly intensive care patients. |
Participants drawn from a larger 24 month QoL follow-up study in patients aged ≥80 years following ICU admission. |
| Hope 2014 |
United States |
Stimulated reporting design and chart review |
VA medical facility (acute medicine, surgery, neurology and ICU) |
Documented delirium: 68.4 (12.0)
Undocumented delirium: 71.0 (12.2) |
To assess how confirmed cases of delirium are documented in EHR. |
Admitted patients with bedside diagnosis of delirium between 1 December 2009 and 31 May 2010. |
| Inouye 2005 |
United States |
Prospective validation study |
Urban teaching hospital (general medicine) |
80.0 (6.5) |
To validate a chart-based method for identification of delirium and compare it with direct interviewer assessment. |
Patients aged ≥70 years with no delirium on admission, but at least intermediate risk for delirium at baseline. |
| Johnson 1992 |
United States |
Prospective observational design and retrospective record review |
University hospital
(non-critical care medical unit) |
N/A |
To determine the sensitivity of using alternative retrospective approaches for diagnosing delirium. |
Medically ill patients aged >70 years admitted between Sunday afternoons and Friday evenings who were not patient transfers, terminally ill, not admitted on weekends or for short-stays. |
| Kales 2003 |
United States |
Retrospective study |
VA medical facility |
72.0 (7.4) |
To determine the rate of recorded delirium. |
Veterans aged ≥60 years at discharge with ICD-9CM code from VA. |
| Katznelson 2010 |
Canada |
Prospective and retrospective study |
General hospital (ICU) |
63.0 (13.0) |
To determine the incidence of delirium after cardiac surgery. |
Cardiac surgical patients. |
| Kelly 2012 |
United States |
Retrospective chart review |
Tertiary referral hospital (surgery, oncology, neurology, PICU, general paediatrics, haematology, cardiology and pulmonology) |
N/A |
To identify the frequency of recognised and documented delirium at discharge. |
Discharged patients between January 2003 and January 2011 |
| McCoy 2017 |
United States |
N/A |
Academic medical centres |
57.0 (18.7) |
To characterise incidence of recorded delirium across 2 major health centres. |
Inpatients aged ≥18 years with documented discharge from non-obstetrical care between 2005 and 2013. |
| Pendlebury 2020 |
United Kingdom |
Prospective observational study |
General hospital (acute general medicine) |
70.0 (19.2) |
To determine the impact of the multicomponent intervention on hospital administrative coding for delirium. |
Consecutive unselected admissions to one acute medicine team over five 8-week cycles. |
| Ruangratsamee 2016 |
Thailand |
Prospective and retrospective patient evaluation |
Tertiary referral hospital (geriatric medicine) |
78.6 (5.9) |
To investigate the rate of under-recognised delirium and explore the effect of unrecognised delirium on patient mortality. |
Adults aged ≥70 years admitted to general medicine between January and March 2009. |
| Sanchez 2013 |
Colombia |
Cross-sectional study |
Tertiary hospital (acute medicine) |
N/A |
To clarify the state of delirium diagnosis and records in a tertiary level public hospital in the city of Pereira. |
Hospitalised adults aged >60 years. |
| Smulter 2019 |
Sweden |
Retrospective observational analysis |
University hospital (cardiothoracic surgery) |
N/A |
To analyse POD in clinical practice after cardiac surgery. |
Adults aged ≥70 years scheduled for routine cardiac surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. |
| van Zyl 2003 |
Canada |
Chart review |
General teaching hospital (psychiatry) |
73.3 (13.8) |
To investigate prevalence of delirium reporting in DS. |
Referrals to a consultation-liaison psychiatry service in a university teaching general hospital between July 2000 and September 2001. |
| Welch 2018 |
United Kingdom |
Prospective cohort study |
Tertiary university teaching hospital (acute admissions) |
84.4 (N/A) |
To assess if ongoing delirium research activity within an acute admissions unit impacts on prevalent delirium recognition. |
Patients aged ≥70 years diagnosed with delirium. |
| Welch 2019 |
United Kingdom |
Prospective observational study |
Acute care trusts (acute medicine, geriatric medicine, other medicine, stroke, general, orthopaedic surgery and other surgery) |
80.0 (8.3) |
To ascertain the point prevalence of delirium across UK hospitals and the relationship to adverse outcomes. |
Hospitalised adults aged ≥65 years, admitted between 12 March 2018 and 14th March 2018. |
| Zalon 2017 |
United States |
Retrospective chart review |
Community hospital |
N/A |
To analyse delirium documentation for hospitalised older adults. |
Hospitalised patients aged ≥71 years, with known delirium who were enrolled in HELP at a community hospital. |